peatt



(No Model.)

H. 0. PRATT.

OULTIVATOR.

Nd, 289,708. Patented D ec. 4,1883.-

N, PETERS, Fhnlcrljliwgnpbw. Washinglon. u c

suit the distance between the rows, by loosen- UNITED STATES- PATENT Q FFIQE.

HENRY C. PRATT, OF OANANDAIGUA, NEWV YORK- I CULTIVATO R.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 289,708, dated-December 4, 1883.

Application filed August 15, (No model.) I

.T 0 at whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, H. O. PRATT, a citizen of the United States of America, residing at Oanandaigua, in the county of Ontario and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Cultivators; and I do declare the following to be a .full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

Figure 1 of the drawings is a representation of a plan view of my improved cultivator. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of one-half of the cultivator. Fig. 3 is a front view of the axle. Fig. 4 is a detail View of the casting for the section-rails. Fig. 5 is a detail of the connections of the sections to the axle. Figs. 6,9, and 10 are details of the points and their castings. Figs. 7, 8, and 11 are detail views.

This invention has relation to a two-horse riding corn and fallow cultivator combined; and it consists in the construction and novel arrangement of devices, as will be hereinafter fully described, and particularly pointed out in the claims appended hereto.

Referring by letter to the accompanying drawings, the axle a is .made longer than is required for the corn-cultivator, in order that the wheels may be set farther apart, to admit of attaching another section between the corncultivators when the implement is to be used as a fallow-cultivator. Holes a through the axle, at suitable distances apart, permit the wheels and cultivators to be changed to such widths as will be suited to narrow or wide rows; or the axle may be made with ends of malleable iron, having slots 1) running nearly the whole length of the spindles. These malleable-iron ends should be bolted to an arched center piece, as shown. The corn-cultivators themselves may be also changed in breadth, to

ing the three bolts 0, d, and e, by which the rails of their frames are heldtogether. The joints of the cultivator-frames are made to retain the positions to which they may have been adjusted by the use of two castings, f and f, having their meeting faces corrugated and 1 provided on their outer faces with seats f forthe frame-rails. The bolts 0 d e, passing through the frame-rails and the castings, hold the parts firmly together, and the joint thus formed may be readily adjusted.

The cultivators are attached to castings 9, that project from the axle forward. The castings g are madewith a slot, 9, in their rear ends, through which the bolt that fastens themto the axle, passes. Theseslots are to I provide means for easing or lowering the forward part of the cultivators, thereby regulating the depth of the cultivator-teeth. The castings g are held in place by having their under faces corrugated to engage corrugations in a casting, g, on the axle. This casting g is curved in its under face to fit upon the axle, and has flanges on top to hold the pro ecting arms g from moving laterally.

At the rear portions of the cultivator-frames guides h are used, to assist in regulating the depth of the cultivator points. They are specially useful when it'is desired to cultivate to a uniform depth and shallow. They are made of steel and are bolted to castings h, attached to the cultivatorframe. The castings h are slotted to permit the guides to be adjusted verticallyto change the depth to which the cultivater-points run. The guides h are provided with wheels at the bottom, or cast-iron shoes may be used. 1

The cultivator-frames are raised and lowered" by foot-levers i t, that are attached to the cultivator-frames forward by castings i i, that rest onthe frames and are bolted thereto.

The castings i i are made with two vertical When it is desired to avoid cutting hills plant ed out of line with the row,the operator bears down with his feet 'on the levers enough to raise the teeth out of the ground, and then passes sidewise or draws the cultivator toward him, as the case may require, by his feet.

Using the guides k in connection with the levers enables the operator to handle the cultivators more quickly and easily than though the cultivators had remained in the ground when being moved to one side. Chains Z are attached to the ends of the foot-levers i i and pass over pulleys Z above in the cross-piece Z secured to the rear end of the tongue. This cross-piece Z should be slotted vertically near each end, so that the pulleys Z may be adjusted therein when the cultivators are to be moved on the axle. The chains are suitably fastened to the frames of the cultivators. The crosspiece Z is supported by braces running from its ends to the axle, either upon the inside or the outside of the wheels.

To obtain a perfect draft-equalizer which shall be out of the way of the corn-row, I use two eveners, m m, pivoted to the tongue and connected by draft-rods m". The evener m is composed of an iron bar bent angularly and extending downwardly at its ends. The ends are provided with a number of holes to adjust the height of the draft. The cultivator-frames are attached to the arms 9 by passing the forward ends of their front rails through the slots in the forward ends of the arms 9. Pins 02 it,

passed down through the rails in front and" rear of the forward end of the arm form a loose connection at the point of junction of the arms 9 and the frame-rails. Springs 72 are interposed between the arm 9 and the rear pin, it, to assist in throwing the cultivators back into position after having been shoved aside.

One form of tooth which may be used in connection with the frames herein shown consists of a flat steel standard curved as shown, and secured to the under side of a casting, 0, within a flanged recess, 0, by two bolts. The casting o is composed of the parts 0 0, havingtwo sets of registering holes at the front and rear, passing laterally through them. The rear holes are for the bolt 0", and the front holes for awooden break-pin, 0. The part 0 rests within the lower part, 0", and is provided with the corrugated plate 17, which engages the ribbed plate 19, having a seat in its back for the rail of the cultivator-frame and a bolt for attaching it. When the bolt 0 and the break-pin 0 are in the lower holes of the casting o, the tooth will incline a little forward. By putting the pin through the upper holes the tooth is given a good deal more pitch. It may be made to incline backward by putting the bolt 0 through the upper holes and the break-pin through the lower holes. When the tooth comes in contact with an obstruction, the wooden pin breaks and the tooth swings back, thus preventing injury to the machine. Although this construction is an excellent one, I prefer another, which I will now describe.

F designates a curved standard, which is twisted at the bottom to receive the point. This tooth is secured to a casting, G, by a bolt, G, which may occupy either of the three holes essmos made in the vertical portion of the casting, the adjustment of the tooth being made by changing this bolt in said holes. The forward end of the tooth bears against a wooden breakpin. The horizontal portion of the casting G is secured to the rail of the frame by theuse of the castings f and f, and a bolt, 0, hereinbefore described, and is provided with two forward projections, G", against which the break-pin bears. The bolt G, which secures the standard to the casting G, is provided with a washer, G", which has a square hole to receive the .bolt, and the washer has also a projection to fit into one of the holes, either above or below the standard, which prevents the washer from turning over, and consequently prevents the nuts from coming loose when the tooth vibrates. In sections of the country which are comparatively free from roots and stones, this construction meets all the requirements; but when obstructions would be met with very frequently I employ a spring, H, which permits the tooth to yield without breaking thepin in the forward end of the curved standard. This spring H is secured to the casting G by the bolt that secures the castings ff to the rail, and is cut away at its forward end to straddle the standard I, and is formed with a sleeve on each arm of the bifurcation to receive the ends of the breakpin. When the tooth meets an obstruction which gives sufficient resistance to overcome the power of the spring, it will yield, and the tooth willmove back out of the ground. The lower ends of the standards are provided with a hole for the bolt which secures the point to the standard. Three kinds of points are used. The point marked 1 is for cutting weeds and thistles. The point marked 2 is for digging and leveling the ground, one edge being turned over to keep it in position. Point 8 is for throwing the earth to the corn-row.

a" is a casting to be interposed between point 3 and the standard.

0 and D also designate castings to be interposedbetween the points and the standards, to aid in securing the points to the standards firmly. Small narrow points may be secured directly to the standards. The casting G is for the middle tooth of each cultivator, and D for the four outside teeth of each. It is preferred to have the outside standards attached by separate bolts to the frame, and the middle tooth or standard rat-her by the same bolt that holds the frame.

The part WV is to be placed between the corncultivators when the implement is to be used as a fallow-cultivator, and is raised and lowered with the corn-cultivators by the cross-bar M, which hangs under the cultivators, and is connected to each by a short chain. The footlevers are taken off of the corn-cultivators and put on the middle section, W, and are connected by the same chains and pulleys as before; but the ends of the lever-chains are fastened to the cross-bar M instead of to the culfour rails, arranged as shown, and having the j ecting arms 9 on each side of the wheels, said tivators. By this arrangement all three of the sections are allowed to move up and down separately, to conform to uneven surfaces.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The axle a, provided with a slot or holes in its spindles, whereby the wheels may be changed thereon to vary the distance between them, and are held in place by the plates 9, substantially as specified.

2. The cultivator-frame consisting of the standards for the cultivator-points secured thereto by the plates f f on the castings, for the standards and bolts passing through the rails, castings, and plates, substantially as specified.

3. The cultivator-fran1es secured to the proarms being secured to the axle by corrugated castings upon the axle, and bolts passed through arms, castings, and axle, whereby the frames may have lateral movement, substan-- tially as specified.

4. The combination, with the frames secured to the axle, as described, of the foot-levers 2', having foot-rests, and fulcrumed at their forward ends in castings forward on the frames and between the wheels, so as to have lateral movement in guides K on the frames, and the lever-chains connected to the ends of the said levers, passed over adjustable pulleys in slots in a cross-piece, Z secured to the rear end of the tongue, and connected at their other ends to the middles of the frames, substantially as specified.

5. The cultivator-frames connecting at the forward ends to the adjustable arms 9, projecting forward from the axle, and provided near the rear ends with the spring-steel guides h, which are vertically adjustablcin bearings h, for regulating the depth to which the points may run, substantially as specified.

6. The projecting arm 9, slotted at the rear and front ends, the rear end being corrugated in its under face, in combination with casting flanged and corrugated on its upper face to receive the rear end of the projecting arm and hold it from lateral motion, and a bolt for securing the arm and casting upon the axle, substantially as specified.

7. The combination of the standard F, with the casting G, having the vertical portion and the horizontal portion G the bolt G, and washer G the plates f f, the projections forming the bearing for the break-pin, and the bolt for securing the standard to the rail of the frame, substantially as specified.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of witnesses.

HENRY O. PRATT.

\Vitnesses:

MACK S. SMITH, En. \V. SIMMONS, J. T. SMITH. 

